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Tooth Detection on Jaw 3D Computer Polygonal Model
Hulík, Rostislav ; Španěl, Michal (referee) ; Kršek, Přemysl (advisor)
This document discusses a concept and implementation of algorithms for teeth detection on 3D polygonal jaw model. At first, I describe possible shape detection techniques on three dimensional computer model, including utilization just in my case. After it, I analyze filtration problems of obtained model segments in order to reliably separate regions of tooth-arch from the rest of jaw. I included all these pieces of knowledge into a final application. Here, it is possible to choose from two user interfaces, first, classic user interface which demonstrates possible utilization in real world and second, testing interface which demonstrates functions of each detection and filtration method used in program and their effect on detection. Application is written in C++ language in development environment of MS Visual Studio 2005 and compiled with MS VS internal compiler. Tested was under MS Windows XP and MS Windows Vista OS.
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Analysis of teeth and bones by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Šindelářová, Anna ; Pořízka,, Pavel (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the elemental composition of hard tissues – human and murine jaws studied by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS). Samples of human teeth contained a disease called ankylosis and the difference in elemental composition of healthy and diseased tissue was observed to localize ankylosis in the tooth. When evaluating the map of the spatial distribution of phosphorus and calcium, a decrease in the concentration of these elements in the ankylosis infected area was observed. Furthermore, murine jaws containing lead were analyzed. When assessing the spatial distribution of lead in tissue, it was found that lead was incorporated in murine teeth in the enamel at the tip of the incisor and molars. In conclusion, LIBS method achieved good results considering the detection of the elemental distribution of hard tissues. It enables to differentiate parts of the tooth in terms of elemental composition and tissue hardness and also to detect changes in the matrix caused by a disease or bioaccumulation of heavy metals.
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The level of dental hygiene of top athletes specializing in sports games
JÁŠA, Mikuláš
The field of dental hygiene is a topical issue today and is gaining more and more importance, for all age categories. Especially for athletes who take care of their teeth to prevent injuries. Based on these new findings, this bachelor´s thesis maps the level of knowledge about dental hygiene and adherence to the principles of prevention of oral diseases in professional athletes of three popular sports, namely soccer, ice hockey and volleyball. The bachelor thesis consists of theoretical part, which deals with dental hygine, its history and present, various myths in the field of dental hygiene and special nutritional means that professional athletes use. Part of the theoretical part is also prevention, which has a huge impact on reduction risk of dental caries and thus prevents potentional injuries in athletes related to dental caries. The practical part of the bachelor´s thesis is focused on a questionnaire survey in the field of dental hygiene among the mentioned professional athletes and includes both genders. The evaluated questionnaires are processed into graphs and tables together with a commentary, which testifies to the awereness of dental hygiene in a sample of athletes. Key
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Dental hygiene at secondary schools in South Bohemia
LIŠKOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis consists of a theoretical part, which deals with the history and present of dental hygiene. it defines this concept and describes the work of a dental hygienist. It also deals with the anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity and, last but not least, periodontal disease. Attention also paid to aids without which oral hygiene cannot do without. Part of the theoretical part is also primary and secondary prevention, which has a great impact on reducing the incidence of dental disease. The practical part was focused on the awareness of pupils aged 15-16 regarding the awareness of dental hygiene through a questionnaire survey. An educational program and methodological instructions for secondary school teachers were compiled. The evaluated questionnaires were processed into graphs and tables together with a verbal commentary, which testifies to the awareness of primary prevention in young people.
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Typology and teeth determination of selected mammalian species
Černá, Adéla ; Říhová, Pavla (advisor) ; Pyszko, Martin (referee)
In this bachelor's thesis I am dealing with mammalian teeth. I have focused mainly on the teeth of certain species that are endangered and for which significant levels of illegal trade have been recorded. In selecting the species I focus on, I base my thesis on the analysis of data from the EU-TWIX and CITES Trade Database, which is compiled at the Environmental Forensic Sciences at the Faculty of Science, Charles University. The most endangered species traded include felines, canids and ursids. In this thesis, I mention how teeth can be identified, what an ideal tooth should look like, I describe what a tooth is made of, why teeth are traded at all, what they are used for, and how individual teeth can be confused with other mammal species. I also mention the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CITES. For this research I have largely used articles from abroad, available on the Web of science. Key words: teeth, mammals, determination
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Ancient-DNA analysis of teeth and skeletal remains with utilization of miniSTR loci.
Kvítková, Dana ; Brouček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
During the last twenty years, immense progress occurred in the area of analysis of DNA extracted from historical material. Considering the common level of preservation of tissue material, this analysis is usually executed on samples procured from bones and teeth. The analysis of soft mummified tissue is possible only in rare cases. Limiting factor of these analyses is a high degree of degradation and small amount of DNA extractable from this kind of material. First researches concentrated only on short sections of mainly mitochondrial DNA. Today, the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of both contemporary and extinct organisms was made possible. In case of analyses conducted on human remains, sections of nuclear DNA are far more valuable, because they can reveal information including not only subject's sex, but also possible kinship between subjects found e.g. in the same grave. Fundamental component of the whole analysis is the process of extracting DNA from cells. Probably every laboratory working with historical DNA uses a differently modified extract protocol. The main requirement for methods of extraction is to secure enough DNA with such a level of purity that would allow its use for following steps of the analysis. Taking in consideration high fragmentation of DNA, it is necessary...
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Developmental and structural analysis of similarities among calcified and keratinized tooth structures in mouth of vertebrates
Karpecká, Zuzana ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Hovořáková, Mária (referee)
Calcified teeth comprise the hardest vertebrate tissues (enamel and dentine) and they undoubtedly represent a key evolutionary advantage for their users. Nevertheless, teeth have been lost many times and they were often replaced by keratinised structures, such as rhamphoteca of birds or of turtle beaks, or labial tooth structures and scratching laminae of many aquatic vertebrates. This thesis is intended to analyse levels of similarities among keratinised teeth and structures of three phylogenetically distinct lineages of amniotes and to compare them to morphogenesis of true teeth. Detailed developmental and structural characteristics of oral apparatus possessing keratinous teeth of lampreys, Loricarid cathfishes and frog tadpoles were identified and distinguished. Keratinous structures of cathfishes include only horny projections from single cell surface (unculi), whereas in frog tadpoles both horny jaw sheet and unicellular labial teeth composed by cell columns were found; the lamprey oral apparatus consists of multicellular teeth and laminae instead. Disparate phenotypes of these keratinous structures can, however, developmentally derive from a general process of keratinization: morphological disparities arise by distinct gradual accretion of keratinous layers and collumns during development. My...
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Dental Care in Primary School Children
Bartůňková, Tereza ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee)
This Thesis tries using a questionnaire survey in some primary schools in Kladno identify the main problems of dental hygiene. These problems relate to dental care for pupils of first and second degree. Furthermore, the work potential obstacles to improvement. And finally, possible ways how to solve and prevent this negative situation. The topic of the thesis and still fall within the current problems with children's dental health. This topic is covered by many professionals and research worldwide. The main part is based on information collected during the survey in schools. This part is the extra work complemented by valuable insights and suggestions addressed dentists and dental hygienists. The text has also focuses on the role and effectiveness of preventive school programs. The work also contains theoretical and professional website themes. Most attention is devoted to the actual anatomy of the teeth, tooth decay characteristics and its preventive measures. KEYWORDS Dental caries, teeth, questionnaires inquiry, dental hygiene, prevention, stomatology, preventive school programmes
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